Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
Hertzsprung–Russell diagram is a plot of luminosity versus
effective temperature for a population of stars. Depending on the usage, the star's
absolute magnitude may be substituted for luminosity, and its
color index or spectral type for the temperature. Depending on their mass and composition, single stars follow specific tracks across this chart over the course of their evolution. Hence, knowing a star's mass and
metallicity allows the age to be estimated. Stars of similar types are also found grouped together in specific regions of the chart, including the
main sequence, red giant, and
white dwarf stars.
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